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step, set, and see

This second element that makes up a mechanically correct batting swing is the Step,
Set, and See. While the stance is described as a starting point, this next element is often
described as the preparation point. The batter must initiate proper movement prior to the
swing while working to ensure correct pitch recognition.

The Step is the action taken by the hitter's front foot creating momentum in
preparing to swing. It consists of the batter's front foot (1) lifting no greater than
three inches directly above the starting position and (2) landing in virtually the same
position from which it started. It is important that the hitter does not stride to the
ball. Striding to the ball often causes head movement, imbalance, an incorrect
contact position, and a reduction in bat speed and power. Keep in mind that when
this step is initiated, the hitter's weight must not transfer from the back foot to the
front foot. Balance should always be maintained during and up to the completion of
the swing.

The Set functions concurrently with the hitter's step and involves the action of the
hands into what is termed a 'slot position'. It is a subtle backward movement of the
hitter's hands at the precise time the front foot is lifting. This movement should be
one to two inches in length and should not change the bat direction. The timing of
the Step and Set is critical as they are mechanisms that work to maximize power
and consistency. Depending on the velocity of the pitcher, the Step and Set should
take place around the time the ball is released from the pitcher's hand. The goal is
motion prior to the swing that is fluid so that the bat is fully accelerateed when
contact is made with the ball.

The See is the recognition of the type, speed, and location of a pitch. At the same
time the batter is in the Step and Set position, he/she must focus on the release
point of the pitcher. Young hitters must be able to determine the type, speed, and
location of a pitch as early as possible. This allows the hitter the greatest amount
of time to react. Generally speaking, young hitters should correctly recognize the
type, speed, and location of a pitch before it is half way to the plate.

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Kraig S. Kupiec is known as an
authority on teaching hitting to young
players. He provides individual and
group instruction at Inside the Park
Hitting Facility in Fall River, Mass. He
currently serves as the Hitting Coach
at the University of Massachusetts
Boston. He played at Wake Forest
University and was selected by the
Houston Astros in the Major League
Baseball draft in 1991.